Yakov Sverdlov

Yakov Mikhaylovich Sverdlov (Russian Яков Михайлович Свердлов) (May 22 (June 3, New Style) 1885 - March 16 1919) was a Bolshevik party leader and Soviet official.

He was born in Nizhny Novgorod, the son of a Jewish engraver. He joined the Russian Social Democratic Labor Party in 1902. He joined the Bolshevik faction and supported Lenin. He was involved in the 1905 revolution.

He was arrested in June 1906 and was imprisoned and in exile for much of the time between 1906 and 1917.

After the February Revolution, he returned to Petrograd from exile and was reelected to the Central Committee. He played an important role in planning the October Revolution. Research in 1990 by the Moscow playwright and historian Edvard Radzinsky uncovered Sverdlov's role in the execution of Tsar Nicholas II and his family.

A close ally of Vladimir Lenin, Sverdlov played an important role in persuading leading Bolsheviks to accept the controversial decisions to close down the Constituent Assembly and the signing of the Brest-Litovsk Treaty. It was claimed that Lenin provided the theories and Sverdlov made sure they worked

He died of influenza in Oryol during an epidemic.

The city of Yekaterinburg was renamed Sverdlovsk in 1924 to honour Sverdlov. However, in 1991, the name was changed back to Yekaterinburg.