. It was designed to unify the individual language SAMPA alphabets, and extend SAMPA to cover the entire range of characters in the
.
.
| XS
| IPA
| IPA
| Description
| Examples
|
| a
| a
|
| open low front unrounded vowel
| English father ["fa:D@r\\], Spanish padre ["padre]
|
| b
| b
|
| voiced bilabial plosive
| English bed [bEd], French bon [bO~]
|
| b_<
| ɓ
|
| bilabial voiced impolosive
|
|
| c
| c
|
| unvoiced palatal plosive
| Hungarian latyak [lAcAk]
|
| d
| d
|
| voiced alveolar plosive
| English dog [dQg], French doigt [dwa]
|
| d`
| ɖ
|
| voiced retroflex plosive
| Swedish hord [hu:d`]
|
| d_<
| ɗ
|
| dental/alveolar voiced implosive
|
|
| e
| e
|
| close-mid front unrounded vowel
| English jail [dZe:l], French ses [se]
|
| f
| f
|
| unvoiced labiodental fricative
| English five [fajv], French femme [fEm]
|
| g
| g
|
| voiced velar plosive
| English game [gejm], French longue [lO~g]
|
| g_<
| ɠ
|
| voiced velar implosive
|
|
| h
| h
|
| unvoiced glottal fricative
| English house [haUs]
|
| h\\
| ɦ
|
| voiced glottal fricative
|
|
| i
| i
|
| tense close front unrounded vowel
| English be [bi:], French oui [wi], Spanish si [si]
|
| j
| j
|
| palatal approximant
| English yes [jEs], French yeux [j2]
|
| j\\
| ʝ
|
| voiced palatal fricative
|
|
| k
| k
|
| unvoiced velar plosive
| English cat [k{t], Spanish carro ["kar:o]
|
| l
| l
|
| alveolar lateral approximant
| English lay [lej], French mal [mal]
|
| l`
| ɭ
|
| retroflex lateral approximant
| Swedish sorl [so:l`]
|
| l\\
| ɺ
|
| voiced alveolar lateral flap
|
|
| m
| m
|
| bilabial nasal
| English mouse [maws], French homme [Om]
|
| n
| n
|
| alveolar nasal
| English nap [n{p], French non [nO~]
|
| n`
| ɳ
|
| retroflex nasal
| Swedish hörn [h2:n`]
|
| o
| o
|
| close-mid back rounded vowel
| English hole [ho:l], French gros [gRo]
|
| p
| p
|
| unvoiced bilabial plosive
| English hop [hQp], French pose [poz], Spanish perro ["per:o]
|
| p\\
| φ
|
| voiceless bilabial fricative
| Japanese fuku [p\\M_0kM], Scanian sju [p\\@}]
|
| q
| q
|
| unvoiced uvular plosive
| Latin aqwa [aqva]/[aqwa]
|
| r
| r
|
| alveolar trill
| Spanish perro ["per:o]
|
| r`
| ɽ
|
| retroflex tap or flap
|
|
| r\\
| ɹ
|
| voiced (post-)alveolar approximant
| English red [r\\Ed]
|
| r\\`
| ɻ
|
| retroflex approximant
|
|
| s
| s
|
| unvoiced alveolar fricative
| English seem [si:m], French session [se.sjO~]
|
| s`
| ʂ
|
| unvoiced retroflex fricative
| Swedish mars [mas`]
|
| s\\
| ɕ
|
| voiceless alveolopalatal fricative
| Polish świerszcz
|
| t
| t
|
| unvoiced alveolar plosive
| English too [tu:], French raté [Rate], Spanish tuyo
|
| t`
| ʈ
|
| unvoiced retroflex plosive
| Swedish mört [m2t`]
|
| u
| u
|
| tense close back rounded vowel
| English boom [bu:m], Spanish su [su]
|
| v
| v
|
| voiced labioldental fricative
| English vest [vEst], French voix [vwa]
|
| v\\ (or P)
| ʋ
|
| labiodental approximant
|
|
| w
| w
|
| labiovelar approximant
| English west [wEst], French oui [wi]
|
| x
| x
|
| unvoiced velar fricative
| Scottish loch [lQx]
|
| x\\
| ɧ
|
| voiceless postalveolar and velar fricative
| Occurs in Swedish
|
| y
| y
|
| tense close front rounded vowel
| French tu [ty]
|
| z
| z
|
| voiced alveolar fricative
| English zoo [zu:], French azote [azOt]
|
| z`
| ʐ
|
| voiced retroflex fricative
|
|
| z\\
| ʑ
|
| voiced alveolopalatal fricative
| Polish źrebak
|
| XS
| IPA
| IPA
| Description
| Example
|
| A
| ɑ
|
| open back unrounded vowel
| English cot [cAt]
|
| B
| β
|
| voiced bilabial fricative
|
|
| B\\
| ʙ
|
| voiced bilabial trill
| Reminiscent of shivering ("brrr")
|
| C
| ç
|
| voiceless palatal fricative
| German Ich, English human (although this can also begin with [hj])
|
| D
| ð
|
| voiced dental fricative
| English then [DEn]
|
| E
| ɛ
|
| open-mid front unrounded vowel
| French même [mEm], English bed [bEd]
|
| F
| ɱ
|
| labiodental nasal
| English emphasis ["EFf@sIs] (spoken quickly, otherwise ["Emf@sIs])
|
| G
| γ
|
| voiced velar fricative
| Greek γονία [Go"nia]
|
| G\\
| ɢ
|
| voiced uvular plosive
|
|
| G\\_<
| ʛ
|
| voiced uvular implosive
|
|
| H
| ɥ
|
| labial-palatal semivowel
| French huit [Hi]
|
| H\\
| ʜ
|
| voiceless epiglottal fricative
|
|
| I
| ɪ
|
| lax close front unrounded vowel
| English kit [kIt]
|
| I\\
|
|
| central lax close unrounded vowel, not in IPA
|
|
| J
| ɲ
|
| palatal nasal
| Spanish año, English canyon (although this can also use [nj])
|
| J\\
| ɟ
|
| voiced palatal plosive
| Hungarian egy [EJ\\]
|
| J\\_<
|
|
| voiced palatal implosive
|
|
| K
| ɬ
|
| voiceless alveolar lateral fricative
| Welsh llaw
|
| K\\
| ɮ
|
| voiced alveolar lateral fricative
|
|
| L
| ʎ
|
| palatal lateral
| Italian famiglia, Castilian phoneme /ll/ as in llamar [La"mar]
|
| L\\
| ʟ
|
| voiced velar lateral
| English phoneme /5/
|
| M
| ɯ
|
| close back unrounded vowel
| Korean 으 (eu)
|
| M\\
| ɰ
|
| velar approximant
| Spanish fuego
|
| N
| ŋ
|
| velar nasal
| English thing [TIN]
|
| N\\
| ɴ
|
| uvular nasal
| Japanese san [saN\\]
|
| O
| ɔ
|
| open-mid back rounded vowel
| British English thought [TO:t]
|
| O\\
| ʘ
|
| bilabial click
|
|
| P (or v\\)
| ʋ
|
| labiodental approximant
| Dutch phoneme /w/, allophone of English phoneme /r\\/
|
| Q
| ɒ
|
| open back rounded vowel
| British English lot [lQt]
|
| R
| ʁ
|
| voiced uvular fricative
| French roi [Rwa]
|
| R\\
| ʀ
|
| voiced uvular trill
| German phoneme /r/
|
| S
| ʃ
|
| voiceless palatoalveolar fricative
| English ship [SIp]
|
| T
| θ
|
| voiceless dental fricative
| English thin [TIn]
|
| U
| ʊ
|
| lax close back rounded vowel
| English foot [fUt]
|
| U\\
|
|
| central lax close rounded vowel, not in IPA
|
|
| V
| ʌ
|
| open-mid back unrounded vowel
| English strut [str\\Vt]
|
| W
| ʍ
|
| voiceless labial-velar fricative
| Scottish when
|
| X
| χ
|
| voiceless uvular fricative
| Welsh bach
|
| X\\
| ħ
|
| voiceless pharyngeal fricative
| Arabic ha’
|
| Y
| ʏ
|
| lax close front rounded vowel
| German hübsch
|
| Z
| ʒ
|
| voiced palatoalveolar fricative
| English vision ["vIZ@n]
|
| XS
| IPA
| IPA
| Description
| Example
|
| .
|
|
| syllable break
|
|
| "
| ˈ
|
| primary stress
|
|
| %
| ˌ
|
| secondary stress
|
|
| &
| ɶ
|
| open front rounded vowel
| Dan. drømme
|
| ' (or _j)
| ʲ
|
| palatalized
|
|
| *
|
|
| undefined escape character, SAMPA's "conjunctor"
|
|
| -
|
|
| separator
|
|
| /
|
|
| indeterminacy in French vowels
|
|
| {
| æ
|
| near-open front unrounded vowel
| English trap [tr\\{p]
|
| }
| ʉ
|
| close central rounded vowel
| Swedish sju [S}:]
|
| 1
| ɨ
|
| close central unrounded vowel
| Welsh tu
|
| 2
| ø
|
| close-mid front rounded vowel
| Fr deux [d2]
|
| 3
| ɜ
|
| long mid central vowel
| British English nurse [n3:s]
|
| 3\\
| ɞ
|
| open-mid central rounded vowel
|
|
| 4
| ɾ
|
| voiced alveolar tap
| Spanish pero, American English better
|
| 5
| ɫ
|
| dark l; see also _e
| English milk [mI5k]
|
| 6
| ɐ
|
| open schwa
| German besser
|
| 7
| ɤ
|
| close-mid back unrounded vowel
| Occurs in Vietnamese
|
| 8
| ɵ
|
| close-mid central rounded vowel
| Swedish buss
|
| 9
| œ
|
| open-mid front rounded vowel
| Fr neuf [n9f]
|
| :
| ː
|
| long
|
|
| :\\
| ˑ
|
| half long
| Estonian differentiates three vowel lengths
|
| <
|
|
| begin nonsegmental notation (e.g., SAMPROSA)
|
|
| <\\
| ʢ
|
| voiced epiglottal fricative
|
|
| >
|
|
| end nonsegmental notation
|
|
| >\\
| ʡ
|
| epiglottal plosive
|
|
| ?
| ʔ
|
| glottal stop
| German Verein, also Danish stød
|
| ?\\
| ʕ
|
| voiced pharyngeal fricative
| Arabic ‘ayn
|
| @
| ə
|
| schwa
| English banana [b@"nAn@] (RP) or [b@"n{n@] (Gen.Am.)
|
| @\\
| ɘ
|
| close-mid central unrounded vowel
|
|
| ^
| ↑
|
| upstep
|
|
| !
| ↓
|
| downstep
|
| !\\
| ǃ
|
| retroflex click
|
|
| |
|
|
| minor (foot) group
|
|
| |\\
| ǀ
|
| dental click
|
|
| ||
|
|
| major (intonation) group
|
|
| |\\|\\
| ǁ
|
| lateral click
|
|
| =\\
| ǂ
|
| alveolar click
|
|
| -\\
| ̮
|
| linking mark
|
|
