Samizdat
Samizdat (self-published, in Russian самиздат) was a system in the Soviet-bloc countries wherein people clandestinely printed and distributed government-suppressed literature. Key to the technique was that copies were made a few at a time, and anyone who had a copy and any sort of copying equipment was encouraged to make more copies. The techniques used varied from semi-professional printing machines to groups of people copying the text by hand.A rough translation would be something along the lines of "Passing on" or "Giving it amongst yourselves". Essentially, the samizdat copy of the text, such as Mikhail Bulgakov's The Master and Margarita, were passed from one person to another.
Etymology (Russian): сам (self) + изда(ва)ть (to publish). The word has snuck into English.
Contrast: freedom of press, freedom of speech
Samisdat was a zine published by Merritt Clifton in the United States in the 1960s prior to the advent of the high-volume photocopier. Like many 'zines, it was spurned by print shops because of its political content, so its publisher had to obtain his own offset press, which he operated himself. A book called The Samisdat Method was published by the author of the 'zine, which described the practical aspects of purchase and use of an offset press by authors with no background in the printing trade. The book went through several editions and eventually saw publication and distribution by the book trade. It is now out of print.
The term Samizdat has been pulled into a semi-popular British Libertarian Weblog.
Samizdat was also a controversial publication of the Alexis de Tocqueville Institution (AdTI), authored by Ken Brown. The book purports that the Linux kernel was written using copied source code and other resources acquired improperly or possibly illegally by Linus Torvalds, and that one can never be certain of the origin(s) of open source code. Brown also claims that the GNU GPL is bad for the economy. The publication has been widely rebuked by the open source community at large, and Brown has been publicly criticized by one of the authorities he interviewed during his research for Samizdat, noted computer science author and professor Andrew Tanenbaum. Tanenbaum is also the creator of the Minix operating system, which Brown claims Torvalds copied (a claim Tanenbaum himself clearly refutes on his personal website). Notably absent from Brown's research for Samizdat was any direct communication in any form with Torvalds.