Prime Directive
In the fictional Star Trek universe, the Prime Directive is Starfleet's most prominent guiding principle. Put simply, the Prime Directive dictates that there be no interference with the natural development of any primitive society, chiefly meaning that no primitive culture can be given or exposed to any information regarding advanced technology or alien races. It also forbids any effort to improve or change in any way the natural course of such a society, even if that change is well intentioned and kept totally secret. "Primitive" is defined as any culture which has not discovered warp drive. Starfleet allows scientific missions to investigate and move amongst pre-warp civilisations as long as no evidence of advanced technology is left behind and they do not reveal their identity.It appears that the non-interference concept originated with Vulcanss and predated the formation of the United Federation of Planets.
Star Trek stories have used the Prime Directive as a literary contrivance which allows the exploration of interactions with less advanced societies without the heroes having the overwhelming advantage of easy access and use of their technology. Since Star Trek has consistently used alien interactions as an allegory for the real world, the Prime Directive has served as a template to tell stories which resemble those of real human societies and their interactions with less techonologically advanced societies, such as the interaction between advanced cultures and indigenous peoples. In the philosophical view of Star Trek, no matter how well intentioned the more advanced peoples are, interaction between advanced technology and a more primitive society is invariably destructive.
In the fictional storyline, The Prime Directive was created by Starfleet and the United Federation of Planets shortly after they were first formed. Since then the Prime Directive has been broken on many occasions intentionally and unintentionally. Sometimes when a Starfleet vessel crashes on a planet that has a pre-warp civilisation the survivors or the wreckage are collected by the natives and this then influences their society, especially when Federation technology is recovered and added to the technology of the planet. Sometimes the Directive is deliberately violated such as when a cultural observer and historian, John Gill, openly created a regime based on Nazi Germany on a primitive planet in a misguided futile effort to create a more benign version of the original.
In the series , the Prime Directive is one of the more commonly used (and possibly overused) plot devices. However, in many instances, the idea of the Prime Directive as used in Voyager is not consistent with that of the other series. On more than one occasion, Captain Janeway applies the Prime Directive to a situation which clearly does not involve a pre-warp civilization. Also Janeway was often inconsistent in applying the Prime Directive.
The concept of non-interference can be seen to prevent foreign contamination of native unique language and customs. On the other hand, dedication to non-interference has been shown to go beyond this. The dedication is such that by 2364 Starfleet had allowed six races to die out.
In at least one case, where two different factions of one race were at war with each other, the Prime Directive had been interperted to mean that neither race could have an advantage, that there had to be a balance of power. With this race, when it was found that Klingons were furnishing one portion of the race with advanced weapons, Kirk responded by arming the other faction with the exact same weapons. This resulted in an arms race on that world.
On a planet that had two indigenous sentient species, the more advanced one was suffering from a degenerative genetic disorder. A cure was not pursued because it was determined that the more advanced species was genetically stagnant, and that the lesser one was genetically progressive. It was viewed as contrary to nature to help the dying race. Despite the fact that this event took place in the series Enterprise, before the formation of both the Federation of Planets and the Prime Directive, it reflects the views of space faring humans and their allies in the years leading up to the creation of the Federation. ["Dear Doctor" ENT]
In another case, a starship stood by and watched as severe seismic activity was about to wipe out the last remaining members of a primitive civilization, rather than interfere to save their lives. ["Homeward" TNG] However the Federation observer refused to stand by, and violated the Prime Directive by saving a small group of that civilization.
There are different conclusions as to the purpose of non-interference. One is that the ends do not justify the means. No matter how well-intentioned, stepping in and effecting change could have disastrous consequences.
Another conclusion (strongly implied in "Dear Doctor") is a belief that evolution has a 'plan' of sorts, driving species toward purposes. Interference would therefore be 'unnatural,' in that it would go against what is 'supposed to' happen to the species in question.
Some may see the Prime Directive as a negative policy, because it prevents introduction of technology (especially medical technology), culture, and resources that may improve quality of life. It also has been considered as an attitude of moral cowardice by the Federation - that the Prime Directive gives the Federation an excuse not to act. During the brutal Cardassian occupation of Bajor, the Federation refused to act on the grounds that the occupation was an internal matter of the Cardassian government and to help the Bajorans would violate the Prime Directive. Many Bajorans resented the Federation for years after the occupation because of this attitude. Those in favor of the Prime Directive have said that no one has the right to impose their own standards on others and it is hardly moral cowardice to keep to a difficult, but ultimately beneficial principle in the face of temptation.
Jack Williamson's novel The Humanoids features invulnerable robots who ruthlessly follow the "Prime Directive", which is to "serve and protect" all humans. It is more closely related to the Three Laws of Robotics. This book was published in 1949, so it predates Star Trek. In The Humanoids and its sequel The Humanoid Touch (1980), the Prime Directive is rather sinister, because the Humanoids take extreme measures to protect humans. This protection even goes against the wishes of the humans being protected. They do succeed in stopping all wars and running a perfect economy. However, potentially dangerous activites such as skydiving or using power tools are strictly forbidden. The Humanoids are so well-designed that all human attempts to thwart them fail. The humans being protected usually disapprove of the Humanoids' restrictions, but any active protesters are drugged into submission.Discussion
Implications
Usage of the term in other science fiction