Nanjing

Nanjing (南京, Pinyin: Nánjīng, Wade-Giles: Nan-ching; Postal System Pinyin: Nanking) is the capital city of Jiangsu Province in the People's Republic of China.

Nanjing has been well known as a cultural and educational center in China for more than a thousand years. It is one of the four ancient capitalss of China and was the capital for ten dynasties. Nanjing had been the economic center for the Yangtze River delta region for hundreds of years. It is currently a metropolis with a population of six million, making it the second most populous city (after Shanghai) in the region. It is also the transportation hub in eastern China and the downstream Yangtze River area, with Asia's largest riverport, a large international airport, and several main railways and highways linking northern, southern and western China. Nanjing is a popular tourist city, with probably the largest number of heritage tourist sites in China, including the world's longest ancient circumvallation, the largest ancient imperial lake garden (Xuanwuhu Lake Park), and the greatest traditional Chinese commercial center (the Fuzimiao Temple Area). Its GDP per capita was ¥27128 (ca. US$3280) in 2003, ranked No.31 among 659 Chinese cities.

History

In 495 B.C, the State of Wu established Yecheng (冶城) in today's Nanjing city area.

The State of Yue conquered Wu and established Yuecheng 越城 in 473 B.C.

The State of Chu established Jīnlíng (金陵) in this area in 333 B.C.

The city has experienced numerous destructions and reconstructions.

At least three subsequent cities were constructed: Jiànkāng (建康) of AD 229 (it met total annihilation in AD 589 and became farmland thereafter), a later Jinling built in 914, and the early Ming capital Nánjīng constructed in 1366.

Nanjing was also the capital of the Taiping Rebellion in the mid-19th century.

After the Northern Expedition in 1928, the Kuomintang under Chiang Kai-Shek established Nanjing as the capital of China in opposition to a government in Beijing led by northern warlords, and an alternate government in Wuhan led by Wang Jingwei. After the completion of the Northern Expedition in 1931, Chiang's government became the only recognized Chinese government.

In 1937 the city fell to the Japanese, who massacred prisoners-of-war, refugees and its residents during the Battle of Nanjing (see Nanjing Massacre). Chiang moved his government to Chongqing City, and the Japanese established a puppet government in Nanjing under Wang Jingwei. After the end of World War II, Nanjing was reestablished as the capital of the Republic of China. In 1949, after the defeat of Chiang's forces on the Mainland, the capital of the People's Republic of China was established in Beijing. The Republic of China on Taiwan continues to recognize Nanjing as its "official" capital, while Taipei is deemed as only "temporary."

Colleges and Universities

[National]

Nanjing University (南京大学) (originated in 258, modernly founded in 1902)
Southeast University (东南大学)
HoHai University (河海大学)
Nanjing Agricultural University (南京农业大学)
China Pharmaceutical University (中国药科大学)
Nanjing University of Science & Technology; (南京理工大学)
Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics (南京航空航天大学)

[Public]

Nanjing University of Technology (南京工业大学)
Nanjing Forestry University (南京林业大学)
Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (南京中医药大学)
Nanjing Normal University (南京师范大学)
Nanjing University of Finance & Economics (南京财经大学)
Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications (南京邮电学院)
Nanjing Institute of Meteorology (南京气象学院)
Nanjing Institute of Physical Education (南京体育学院)
Nanjing Arts Institute (南京艺术学院)
Nanjing Audit University (南京审计学院)
Nanjing Xiaozhuang College (南京晓庄学院)
Jinling Institute of Technology (金陵科技学院)

[Private]

Sanjiang University (三江学院)

Note: Institutions without full-time bachelor programs are not listed.