Gilbertese
| Gilbertese | |
|---|---|
| Spoken in: | Kiribati, Fiji, Nauru, Solomon Islands, Vanuatu and Tuvalu |
| Total speakers: | 102,000 |
| Official status | |
| Official language of: | Kiribati |
| Regulated by: | Kiribati Language Board |
| Language codes | |
| SIL: | GLB |
Gilbertese or Kiribati is a language from the Austronesian family, part of the Oceanian branch and of the Nuclear Micronesian subbranch. It is a verb object subject language.
Though about 105,000 people speak Gilbertese, 98,000 of these people live in Kiribati, about 97.2% of the entire population. The other are the inhabitants of Nui (Tuvalu), of Rabi (Fiji) and some other islands where Gilbertese have been relocated Solomon and Vanuatu or emigrated (New Zealand and Hawaii mainly.
Unlike many in the Pacific region, Gilbertese is far from extinct, and just about all speakers use it daily. Only 30% of Gilbertese speakers are fully bilingual with English, meaning that the language is in no danger of being swallowed by English.
Fishermen, sailors, farmers, and people involved in the production of copra comprise the majority of Gilbertese speakers.
A dialect called Banaban exists. Gilbertese is written in the Latin alphabet, and has been since the 1840s, when Hiram Bingham Jr, a missionary, first translated the Bible into Gilbertese and required an alphabet in which to write it. One difficulty in translating the bible was references to words such as "mountain", a geographical phenomenon known to the people of the islands of Kiribati at the time (only heard in the myths from Samoa). Bingham decided to use "hilly", which would be more easily understood.
Catholic missionaries would later arrive at the islands 1888 and translate the Bible independently of Bingham, resulting in differences (Bingham wrote Jesus as "Iesu", while the Catholics wrote "Ietu") that would only be resolved in the 20th century (No 's' in the Gilbertese alphabet). The best and translated into English Gilbertese Dictionnary has been published by Father Ernest Sabatier in 1954: Dictionnaire Gilbertin-Français, 900p. (edited by South Pacific Commission in 1971).